Delays in getting security clearances to satisfy critical staffing needs frustrate many agency officials and federal contractors. Although Congress enacted an intelligence reform law last year to help reduce a backlog of security clearance applications, experienced field investigators say the problems remain.

Some say the law's 90-day deadline for completing investigations was never realistic, and agencies have been slow to comply with the law's reciprocity provision, which requires them to accept one another's security clearances. But businesses and agencies can prevent many delays and find skilled technology employees with security clearances, according to several investigative experts who spoke at a September meeting of the Business Forum for HR Professionals in the Washington, D.C., area.

A security clearance can take as long as two years to process, said Earl Gould, a special investigator under contract with the FBI. Gould is president of the Association of Certified Background Investigators.

The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 mandates that by Dec. 17, 2006, agencies must be able to complete 80 percent of background investigations for security clearances within 90 days. Gould said that time frame is unreasonable.

The law allows an additional 30 days for three independent adjudicators to decide whether the field investigators' findings justify granting a security clearance.

Although the new law requires all agencies to accept security clearances completed by an authorized investigative or adjudicative agency, few have rushed to comply, Gould said.

"It's just been recently that the CIA, National Security Agency and FBI have agreed to accept each other's clearances," he said.

Other agencies have not embraced reciprocity. In 2004, background investigations for most agencies became the Office of Personnel Management's responsibility, but OPM has been slow to find ways to eliminate the backlog and delays, Gould said.

He said agencies will eventually solve those problems. In the meantime, however, he and other experts advise agencies and businesses needing employees with clearances to avoid delays they can control.

One way to facilitate clearances is to hire a part-time or full-time security clearance officer, said Roger Campbell, who worked at the CIA for 25 years as an HR manager and director. He is now human capital strategy director at Monster Government Solutions, which sells online HR staffing services.

A security clearance officer would track applications as they are processed. In addition, guidance from a knowledgeable professional could help employees verify that all information submitted on a clearance application is accurate and complete, which speeds the process, Campbell said.