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The Lectern:

The Lectern: Great discussion on performance measurement

By Steve Kelman
Published on May 8, 2008 - 05:22 PM

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I am currently teaching in the Kennedy School's executive education program for U.S. federal GS-15s and colonels (with a few participants from local government, and from China, New Zealand, Malaysia, and the Philippines to keep us Americans on our toes). I teach a three-class unit on using performance measures to improve government agency performance, and we had the first class of the three-unit sequence on Wednesday.

It was a very lively discussion, and participants brought up a number of examples of experiences they have had using performance measures in their organizations. A senior police manager discussed how his county started measuring (using video technology) inappropriate use of force by police officers. Comparing the numbers in different precincts in the county gave them an idea of where the problems were worst and thus where management attention needed to be concentrated. They used the feedback to devise policy changes and training priorities. They could then track the effects of these changes on performance by looking at the incidence of inappropriate use of force after the changes were made. Performance measurement, by providing feedback, was crucial to being able to learn how to perform better and to see what changes worked and didn't. As I often say to my classes, "Imagine trying to learn to throw darts better if you didn't get any feedback on where the last darts you threw had landed."

Two participants also talked about how, when employees were involved in setting targets or goals on their performance measures, they had actually suggested more aggressive goals that raised the performance bar over time. In one case, employees proposed committing themselves, for example, to more aggressive goals for how quickly they provided help to customers in other government organizations than management had originally suggested. In one agency, each major goal is assigned to an individual owner in charge of tracking it and seeing how important the goal is to the organization's customers.

It was impressive to see how engaged these senior public managers are in using performance measures to drive improved organizational performance -- and, by extension, how engaged they are in delivering on their organizations' missions. I think any outside observer would be impressed by these managers.

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While I would love to get excited about this conversation, the ideas posted are nothing new to anyone following the OD field over the past 3 decades. While the use of video to gather data is interesting, data analysis and process improvements dates to W. Edwards Deming, who used similar methods to identify process shortcomings leading to errors.

Employee buy-in has been touted and proved in the industrial organization/psychology literature, dating back to Maslow, etc. The fact that senior managers are just now "getting it" should be cause for alarm, not congratulations. Rather than worrying about "getting to green" OMB should be more involved in assisting agencies in implementing programs. One only need look to the private sector for a model - there are organizations set up to help private entities make the trip to high quality/high performance. Yet little information sharing of similar sorts can be found among the government agencies. Even the Council for Excellence in Government leans toward HR issues (hiring, brain drain, etc.), all valid but not touching on issues that improve quality or responsiveness.

It doesn't take a huge leap to make the connection from employee buy-in to the current discussions about making the Federal government an employer of choice for younger employees. Read back through the articles on what younger Feds want - buy-in to the job, varied work and the feeling that the employee makes a difference and look at the "Best Places to Work" lists and it's not hard to see why the government tends not to measure up. I hope Mr. Kelman can impress on the managers the necessity of changing the workscape and reading some of the latest OD literature to see the connection between how the organization is designed and the results. Send them back with an appreciation for the contributions their employees can make. And mostly, charge them with opening a dialogue among the various Federal agencies - idea sharing is contagious and successful.

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